Flipped Classroom Essay

A flipped classroom turn upside down is a personalized and interaction time of the whole class. Teachers and students should be engaged along the process. Modifications are always a way of improving and making it a better learning environment for all. Ask Yourself: How to do you prepare to flip your class? After reading contexts, watching web broadcasts and taking an overview of lessons. Educators can start by eliminating long lectures of instructions, wasteful worksheets and journals. We can replace them with the use of iteration, partnering and sharing and practice. Let’s take a look at iteration: Remember writing the Anticipatory Set on the board and getting students to answer. Well remember time wasn’t one your side to get all feedback from your students: To get the attention of your audience, well through iteration, you can text, post short videos, or FB the Goal and send it to all the students in class. After this, you would normally put The Do Now assignment on a SmartBoard or on the overhead projector. Well the partnering stage fits in when you allow the feedback from your students’ response. They also get to see other student comments while they are posting. This is a form of blogging. You can also suggest picture uploading on the assignment or sharing a short you-tube video that restates the topic and other suggestions. Hey did I mention during this time they are sharing information and partnering while they are browsing other comments or suggestions from their peers. Flipped classrooms are not just the using of technology. We are cutting down the time of elaborating of boring teacher lectures, eye contact, reading boring books that the teacher handpicked for the classroom. The Pros about flipped classrooms. 1. The students are taking responsibility for their own learning through collaboration with their own peers. If you are allow the public to view, your class is learning from others who either implemented the lesson and can get a whole perspective from others around the world. 2. The teacher gets instant responses on creation of lessons. This allows others to either give constructive criticism or modified ways on lesson taught. Again feedback is a way on improving the lesson and including different styles on new platforms or applications. 3. Absenteeism, Not a problem for the students at home. They can easily join in at the time allowed for the postings. Remember, it is not a 45 minute class to them at home. They have time to catch up on discussions and also give their feedback without missing the assignment. Remember in the students’ frame of mind, NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND! Finally, Dates and postings are always there for clarity. The content is permanent and archived for review or remediation. Remember you eliminate the need for â€Å"What did you say? † or â€Å"I don’t remember that you said it†. This is the future a place where all your students are learning at their pace.

Organizational Behavior Essay

There are basically 2 types of organizational structures commonly found in every organization. Namely these two are the vertical organization or the horizontal organization. (Deal, Kennedy, Deal & Kennedy, 2000). I myself have worked in both scenarios and personally favor the horizontal approach as the proposition for success is to work in teams, and cross functional teams. If a company follows a vertical approach then supervision of work becomes a much more difficult task and communication gaps arise which have been termed as the major component of project and process failures. In a horizontal organization hierarchal levels are divided in such a way that management of work becomes easier and people of different departments can share their expertise and knowledge when working together. An organization’s bottom line consists of 2 aspects, which are sales and costs. It is the major objective of any organization to maximize its sales and decrease its costs to the minimum in order to extract maximum revenues and hence increase profits and growth (Belker & Topchik,2005). Costs can be reduced when a horizontal structure is being followed as the number of channels through which information flows till it reaches its destination is reduced but opposite is in the case of a vertical approach where any information needs to cross through many channels before it reaches its destination. his results in the altering of the original message which negatively affects business plus due to the number of channels costs also increase (Porter, 1998). In the same way cross functional teams in a horizontal approach can lead to better and efficient performance as each member of the team is representing his or her department and wants to prove his or her abilities, hence this results in more efficient business processes (Singer, 2004). On the other hand a vertical approach makes it difficult for the company to work because no department is ready to share his or her data with other departments and it is difficult to manage the circulation of information throughout the organization, which results in slow business processes and inefficiency.

Synthesizing two books regarding business Essay

Synthesizing two books regarding business - Essay Example I prove not be a very good team member, may be because I am an introvert. Hence, my introversion is the basic reason why I cannot work in teams, and hence, my practical projects suffer. 2. As I already said, introversion and inability communicate well are the basic factors that make me unable to work in teams and groups. I am shy, get nervous at times, and lack leadership qualities. Collaborating with other team members and making them understand my viewpoint becomes difficult for me. When I do not convey my messages properly, they do not understand, and hence, my queries remain unsolved, due to which I do not understand a part of or many parts of the project at hand. This is how all of these factors interrelate to make me lag behind in practical work. 4. Holistic tradition persuades students to work in groups and engage in vigorous group activities to discuss and experiment with their topic while focusing on the practical illustrations. The team leader serves as a facilitator rather than an instructing boss, and this aids other team members in better communicating with the leader and with other members of the group, and in getting an improved understanding of complicated problems related to the project. To narrow down the performance gap I identified earlier, I need to learn to better communicate with peers and get to know them better along with achieving a clearer concept about the topic in hand. I need to feel empowered and make others feel the same when we are given the chance to have the classroom all by ourselves, where we can sit in whichever manner we want and engage in healthy discussions full of enthusiasm. I need to take training classes to overcome my introversion and shyness. I need to attend seminars and training ses sions regarding communication. Hence, I plan to overcome my personal flaws through sessions and classes. I also plan to do research on the internet regarding brain exercises that can help

COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION - Essay Example The following strategy which draws on the lessons and experiences in Italy, Netherlands and UK seeks to generate action by all relevant stakeholders at local level. Good governance is important in public administration (Panara, 2013). It is of fundamental importance at the greater London Authority since it is the government closest to citizens and gives them basic services. It is also at this level that the citizens can readily feel ownership of public resources. The objective of this strategy is to mobilise action by local stakeholders for the benefit of citizens. The benefits are in form of good democratic governance through better quality of local public services, fruitful policy implementation and engagement of population. The core objectives of this strategy include; Placing citizens at the heart of all democratic processes improve governance by restructuring key areas of governance and creating and maintaining institutional prerequisites for improvement of governance. Good governance is a concept of many facets based on principles and practices developed both locally beyond (Goetz, 2013). This strategy considers works on good governance already done in the UK, Italy and Netherlands. The works done in these three countries can be presented in the following principles. An essential pre requisite for implementation of these principles in The Greater London is that the authority must have responsibilities, powers and resources to manage a good share of public matters under its own responsibility Free and fair elections are pillars of any democracy. Elections empower citizens as it gives them a chance to influence future policies (Vetter, 2007). Elections of the Greater London Authority are done every four years and are administered by the Greater London Returning Officer. The Supplementary vote system is used in electing the mayor while ward

The appearance of nostalgia for American cinema's history in the films Essay

The appearance of nostalgia for American cinema's history in the films of the 1970s - Essay Example trayed at least one nuclear family and at least some kind of prosperity in his film, for this is the stereotype that was assumed by the early 1970s – that the 1950s were a time of nuclear family and father knows best. A time of unlimited dreams and houses in the suburbs. Picket fences and family dogs. Benevolent fathers who dispense advice, and mothers who wear aprons and bake cookies. That sort of image. These images are stereotypical, yet are still the stuff of 1950s fantasies. These images are also not the way that it really was. Stephanie Coontz (1997) provides a coherent counterpoint for this idealized version of the 1950s. Coontz states that, although Americans in 1996 voted the 1950s as the most idyllic time for a child to grow up, in reality, the decade still left much to be desired. The 1950s was a time of prosperity, in that wages were growing at a higher rate than any other decade, while the median priced home was only 15 to 18 percent of a man’s salary. Yet, women were not treated well, nor were minorities, and parents did not communicate well with their children. The children of the 1950s, meanwhile, have stated, by and large, that they would not want the same marriage as their parents. They state that their fathers did not provide good role models, and their mothers could not be happy (Coontz, 1997, p. 34). Coontz argues that the nostalgia for the 1950s was rooted in a desire to return to a time when kids were kept on the straight and narrow. The decade was also seen as family friendly, presumably because it was the decade that is not necessarily known for the pornography and media violence that has marked the decades hence. There was also a feeling of optimism (Coontz, 1997, p. 35), more than what is seen in the current decade, and, certainly, more... Movies may give the viewer a sense of nostalgia.This is when the movies portray events that occur during a period of time in a somewhat idealized way. Rock Hudson and Doris Day movies provide a nostalgic view of the 1950s, in that these were cute romantic comedies that featured a masculine man, a pretty petite woman and lots of innocent fun. Westerns may provide a sense of idealization, when it shows the land as being a place of dreams, the hero always wins, and the anti-hero is redeemed. This is not the case with the two movies explained below, The Last Picture Show and Days of Heaven. The Last Picture Show and Days of Heaven represent a different time period from the present, neither of them are particularly nostalgic. As Cook (2005 ) states, nostalgia is a kind of fantasy, so much so that it is more inauthentic then memory. Nostalgia would depend upon an idealized version of what was really true and this is not the case with these two films. The Last Picture Show takes the convent ional wisdom of the 1950s – that this was a time of nuclear families, lemonade stands, picket fences, benevolent fathers and mothers, and obedient children – and stands them on their head. The kids in this film are immoral and crass, one of the central adults is an adulterous drunk, and another central adult is carrying on an affair with a 17-year-old boy. Only Sam the Lion serves as a nostalgic touchstone, as he embodies the values that are supposedly ascribed to this time - virtuosity, wisdom, courage and patience.

Important place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Important place - Essay Example Are you interested in knowing more about this amazing place? I know you said yes, join me as we address the nitty-gritties of this wonderful place. Talking of location, my house is perfectly located in a highly and rocky ground. It stands tall besides neatly pruned cypress trees. Located at the northwest side of the homestead, my house distinguishes itself from the rest of the houses in the neighborhood. The rear door faces the south while the front towards the north. Wind movements that usually moves from the east towards the west cannot find its way into the house. In addition, a perimeter electric fence ensures that the house is fully protected against any invasion by malicious individuals. The neighborhood is very serene. Within the region, electricity is guaranteed. However, when there is no electricity there are automatic generators; this ensures that the house is continually lit. I love the location of my house, it just fits perfectly to be a dream house that I have admired over the years. The architectural design is out of this world. It is a two-storied mansion with three bedrooms, a table room, a meditation room, three washroom areas, and a kitchen. The clean finishing and the perfect match of the colors say it all. From outside, the green compound with cypress trees matches very well with shades of green painting in the exterior section of the house. On the inside, the house is sparkling white. The outside door is automated; a stranger cannot get access without a request. The kitchen and the bedrooms have a perfect wood finishing that gives the aesthetic appeal of the house. On the middle of the house is a wooden staircase; a neatly cut wooden trunk perfectly fits at the middle and connects the upper floor from the ground floor. The trunk gives the house a natural look, which makes it very appealing. The table room is one that will impress. The wooden ceiling and the perfectly tiled floor makes the house so

TOYOTA IN THE BUSINESS WORLD Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

TOYOTA IN THE BUSINESS WORLD - Term Paper Example This has become possible through globalization which eliminated the barriers including finance so that the company could open up its way into the world market. Actually, Toyota has managed to achieve the top position in the world market owing to its successful approach of the market development and the accomplishment of the efficient management style. Toyota's first car matched American and European cars, like Dodge but these days Toyota produces its own unparalleled models on the groundwork of new technologies. The multinational giant in the beginning had its strategic functioning oriented on the international markets as the local, Japanese market was not able to physically consume the products produced by the company. According to Volti (2005) Toyota has its manufacturing and assembling plants for cars not only in countries like the US, Australia, South-Eastern Asia, the EU, but it has also entered markets of other countries like China, Argentina, Mexico, and others. Sakichi Toyoda, a productive inventor, instituted the Toyoda Automatic Loom Company. This company was based on his innovative designs. One of the innovative plans was licensed to a British company for 1 million yen with the money going towards the creation of the Toyota Motor Company (http://www.toyoland.com/history.html accessed 9 November 2009). Between the years 1936 and 1943 only 1757 cars were produced out of which 1,404 sedans were produced and 353 phaetons. Actually Toyota had more success in producing their trucks and buses. The Toyota KB, a 4x4 was a two ton truck which was produced in 1941. Its loading capacity was 1.5 tons and it could go up to around 43 mph. (http://cr4.globalspec.com/blogentry/673/December-8-1945-Toyota-Resumes-Production accessed 9 November 2009). The Crown Toyotas' first luxury car was produced in the year 1955. This car was provided with a four cylinder, 1.5-liter engine and had a three-speed column shift. The luxury car was followed by the 1-liter Corona. Only about 700 cars per month were produced in 1955, 11,750 in 1958, and 50,000 per month in 1964(http://www.toyoland. com/history.html accessed 9 November 2009). In the year 1959 Toyota's first plant outside Japan that is in Brazil was instituted. From then on, Toyota observed an attitude of localizing both production and design of its products. The company believed that this would help them to build long-term kinships with local providers and local labor. Toyota has thus established a network of design and R&D facility in North America and Europe (http://www.toyoland. com/history.html accessed 9 November 2009). Market of Toyota To a considerable degree, the international market development of Toyota was achievable due to the development of globalization. This process involves the economic integration of countries, removal of financial obstructions between countries and the support of free trade. The production chain of Toyota has spread all over the world thus proving that Toyota is in fact a global company (http://www.essay-911.com/samples /toyota.htm retrieved 9 November 2009). On the other hand, in the modern years, Toyota has elaborated its existence in the world increasing its business in many countries. Several of these countries are third world countries and include Philippines, Venezuela, Pakistan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Czech Republic, Vietnam, Mexico and Argentina (Volti, 2005). Globalization

Primary Functions of Human Resource Management Research Paper

Primary Functions of Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example Besides that, this department clarifies and sets forth daily objectives for the firm and is responsible for organizing people in the entire organization and planning for the future objectives and ventures involving all the people in the company (Raymond, 2006). This paper is seeking to give a detailed explanation of how human resource management influences sectors such as equal employment opportunity and affirmative action, planning, recruitment, selection, development, compensation, and benefits. Additionally, it will also resolve to expound on human resource role in safety and health, employee and labor relations. Equal employment opportunity and affirmative action Equal employment opportunity refers to equal job consideration where it is applicable to every citizen and is essential to fair practices of employment. It also conforms to federal and state laws requirement. On the other end, affirmative action is a tool that an organization’s human resource management uses to pr ovide steps that are necessary in ensuring parity and disparity (Gary, 2004). In an organization, the primary function of human resource management is to ensure a fair and full equal employment opportunity and affirmative action for all employees, regardless of factors such as race, genetic information, marital status, sexual orientation, age, color, and religion as well as national origin among others. Factors involved in equal employment opportunity are essential as they facilitate creation of a harmonious working environment where employees feel protected and appreciated. These aspects are congruent factors of mobilization and motivation. These factors are essential since they assist on creating harmony in working places and set forth a platform of opportunities where the qualified and protected classes of people compete fairly for the available position This system provides for an equal opportunity where an organization has a platform where it gives every employee a chance to co ntribute towards building the power of the company by use total dedication via exhausting all the available resources every staff can contribute. In this sector, human resource provides for indiscriminative treatment where all employees feel equal while in the course of executing their daily duties in their respective working places. Just as elaborated in affirmative action, the protected class which includes those individuals protected by the state against employment discrimination such as minorities, people with disabilities, women, and people aged 40 and above years (Hyde, 2004). Under these circumstances, when an employment opportunity arises probably to transfer, resignation, or termination of contract of an employee, the work of the human resource is to declare the vacancy open and set an open competitive procedure in which qualified personnel will fit under the merit system. Human resource agents or affirmative action representatives have the responsibility of helping manager s in hiring through all the set selection process. The presence of both managers and affirmative action representatives is to ensure full consideration to equal opportunities of employment implications regarding the complete hiring process and interview and correct affirmative actions for the agency. The functions of human resource are uncountable. In an organization, it helps managers employ effective and efficient techniques of recruiting in order to obtain a diverse and broad

From Research to Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

From Research to Practice - Assignment Example One of these researches to practice demonstration is the use of heparinized saline for the flushing peripheral intravenous catheters was compared to saline (Keele, 2011). In this practical, saline was found to be more clinically effective in maintaining the peripheral catheters. As a result to this research, majority of acute care facilities made a recommendation use on patients only as a plush for the peripheral catheters. Research on cancer fatigue has been in progress for the last decade, and a research was conducted on the effects of active and moderate exercise on patients undergoing active cancer therapy, and treatment. The results showed that active exercise had positive results on fatigue, functional capacity, activity level and sleep. Since then, this method is practiced in the treatment of cancer related fatigue which has been adopted by many cancer treatment centers, and thus showing that research can be put into practice and show success. In the near future, it is good to use evidence based research in the field of nursing as it gives a wide choice of solution, and gives the correct treatment to a client. Evidence based practice is important for nursing, but its full implementation is hindered by the evidences

Corporate Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate Culture - Essay Example If I were the leader of Zappos, I would cultivate a more participative culture that would incorporate all the stakeholders including the customers in the decision making process of the organization. This will result into stimulation of ideas which will enable all the stakeholders to always respond to shared problems with innovative suggestive and unusual efforts. This will also improve the level of morale and a sense of satisfaction amongst the employees. A strong culture that is widely recognized constitutes one factors which contribute greatly to the success of any company. The managerial approach of most organizations tend to be characterized as being highly structured with set vision, mission and various strategies which guide its operations (Weiss, 2011). What determines the attainment of all this, depends on the organizations culture. If the employees share similar goals and objectives of the organization, the organization will tend to realize its vision and mission while there is always successful implementation of their strategies while the contrary is true. All this depend on the ability of the management to make the employees have a good assessment of and embracing the organizations

Of mice and men Comparison Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men Comparison Essay Of mice and men by John Steinbeck- Consider the character of crooks. How does he contribute to our understanding of the society in which he lives? This essay will answer the question above. I will be looking at the character Crooks and the society and the racial issues at that time. I will also look into the American dream of the majority. John Steinbeck was born in 1902 in Salinas, California, and many of his novels are set in this part of America. Before his career as a writer began, Steinbeck worked as a construction labourer and a caretaker. His first novel Cup of Gold was published in 1929. Of Mice and Men was published in 1939. He died at the age of 66 in 1968. In this paragraph, I will describe the character of Crooks and some of the difficulties faced by the racial minority. Crooks is a Black-American who stands out to the other ranch-men. He has a crooked back, where he has been kicked by a horse. He is known by many names, like the stable-buck negro or nigger. In the time where Crooks was living, Americans treated the Black-Americans very differently because they were niggers. The black people where not allowed in white areas, even though it wasnt a law, it was made this way, but there where laws of the segregation of the black and white people. In the ranch, it was exactly the same, Crooks wasnt allowed in the other ranch peoples bunk house to play blackjack or rummy I aint wanted in the bunk-house and you aint wanted in my room (page 72). He just had to sleep in the barn by himself; he had no rights, except the choice of invitation of his room. He is only allowed to play horse shoes with the other ranch workers because he is so good at it. Although C1rooks is part of the lowest chain of respect, he knows himself as a proud aloof man; he doesnt care what the others say about him. As Crooks is the only black man in the ranch, he has no rights at all, he didnt even have an identity, he was known as Crooks because his real name was not important to the ranch workers. Ku Klux Klan is the name of a number of past and present organisations in America that believed in white supremacy, anti-Semitism, racism and anti-Catholicism. These organisations promoted violence and terrorism, sometimes intimidation like burning a cross. The Klan was founded 1866, it mainly focused on intimidating people, but rapidly adapted to violent methods. This is what happens to crooks as he becomes intimidated and abused by other ranch workers. . A quick reaction set in as the Klans leader left, by the early 1870s. Crooks had a book in his room called the California Civil Code, this tells him what rights he has and what rights he doesnt have, he does this so he can avoid being lynched. Every American worker has an American dream, the base of this is respect the people working in the ranch want to have their own ranch, people working for them and some nice crops. Crooks dream is to be treated equally, and to be respected. Candy wants to relax for his last few years and seeks the opportunity in George and Lennies dream which is to have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit-hutch and some chickens (page 15), Curleys wife wants to star in the movies, wear nice clothes and be rich. All their dreams are quite similar as they all want something for their own and also respect. What Crooks really wants is equality; he wants to be treated as another human being and not differently and to have friends. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick. (Page 77) There are many characters that have disabilities in the story, these people are: Crooks, Candy, Lennie and Curleys wife, these people are affected in their own way. Crooks disability is none other than being black and his crooked back, he has to have his own room in the smelly, cramped barn, and he cannot go to the bunk house and play rummy with the white characters. Lennie has a mental disability which makes him different from the other characters because he still has a mind of a child; this affects him as the others underestimate him. Curleys wife is the only female at the barn, she cannot do the things the boys can do, she is also controlled by Curley as she is a woman because men had more power than women in the past, this mean that she couldnt do what she wanted to do. Candy has the disadvantage of being old, the other guys think that he is useless, he stays behind and cleans up the bunk house, he has also lost a hand which makes that others think of him more useless. This shows us that he is not the only one which is different to the ranch workers. Crooks contributes to our understanding of the society of which he lives by showing us how he lives in separation and inequality, he cannot do any of the things that the white people do, he doesnt even sleep in the same place as them as they think he stinks. The also refer to him as the nigger because he is not respected enough to be called by he real name.

Feudalism and New Social Order Essay Example for Free

Feudalism and New Social Order Essay Political turmoil and constant warfare led to the rise of the European feudalism, a political and economic system based on land ownership and personal loyalty. During the Middle Ages invaders raised havoc all over Europe, and as a result people looked at local leaders for protection, causing kings to lose political power. A new social order was set up as well as a different economic system. Feudalism changed the economic, social, and political systems severely, and made the way we know the Middle Ages in Europe today. From about 800 to 1000 invasions tore apart Europe. Vikings terrorized locals with fearsome raids, Magyars attacked and captured locals to sell as slaves, and Muslims were out to conquer and settle Europe. The Vikings came from Scandinavia by huge ships that held up to 300 hundred warriors. These huge ships had 72 oars and held tons in weight, yet could still maneuver through waters as shallow as 3 feet, making it easier for them to invade inland villages and monasteries. The Vikings carried out with terrifying speeds. Their approach was to beach their ships and get what they wanted then leave. The Magyars invaded sometime in the late 800’s. They were nomadic people that attacked from the east from what is now Hungary. They were excellent horsemen and attacked isolated villages and monasteries. The Muslims struck from North Africa. Since they were superb seafarers they were able to attack settlements on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. In the 600’s and 700’s there goal was to strictly conquer and settle. By the 800’s and 900’s they added plunder to their goals. Kings couldn’t effectively defend all the lands from these invasions, causing people to no longer look to a central ruler for protection. Local rulers who had their own armies gained political strength and power. During 850 to 950, the time of the worst years of the invaders’ attacks, agreements were made all over Europe to ensure security, thus, the start of feudalism. Feudalism structured society creating a pyramid of power and defined social classes. The feudal system was based on rights and obligation, so a lord granted land to a vassal in exchange for military protection. It all depended on the control of land. The structure of feudal society was much like a pyramid. The pyramid determined a person’s power. At the tip top was the king, then came church officials and nobles. Beneath them were the knights. Knights pledged to defend their lords’ land in exchange for fiefs. At the very bottom were the peasants. This feudal system enabled a cash-poor but land-rich lord to support a military force. But, in the end, the people were classified into only three different groups: those who fought (nobles and knights), those who prayed (people of the church), and those who worked (peasants). The social class you received was usually inherited. During the Middle Ages, the majority of people were peasants, and most peasants were serfs. Serfs could not lawfully leave the land they were born on, but weren’t slaves because their lord could not buy or sell them, but whatever their labor produced belonged to the lord. Feudalism had an economic side as well, the manorial system. The manor system was the basic economic arrangement during the middle ages. It as well rested on a set of rights and obligations, but between lords and serfs. Lords provided serfs with housing, farmland, and protection from bandits and in return serfs tended the lord’s lands and all other tasks needed to maintain the estate. All peasants owed the lord certain duties, whether they’re a serf or not. Usually it was a few days a week of labor and a portion of the grain. But generally, peasants didn’t within 25 miles of their own manor. They could walk out into the middle of the field and see their whole world. A manor covered about a few square miles of land, and it usually had the lord’s manor house, a church, and workshops. Typically, 15 to 30 families lives in the village on a manor. To live on the lord’s land all peasants paid a hefty price. They had to pay a tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill and a marriage tax to the lord. Plus a church tax to the priest. Due to the turmoil and constant warfare brought about by the invaders, a new political and economic system had emerged and made its’ mark. Feudalism ended the dark ages of European history by introducing order to the common persons life. it might not have been pretty, but feudalism helped restore order and a sense of community/lawfulness to the areas it was embraced by.

Analysis of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd

Analysis of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd The relatively short and significant judgment in the Supreme Court case of Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd has gathered vociferous interest from academics and practitioners. It was of key interest as it was a legal cross over between family law and company law. The legal team representing Prest stated that the decision is of major importance not only for family law and divorcing couples, but also for company law, and it is the most important reviews since Victorian times on the law regarding piercing the corporate veil.[2] The principles of lifting the corporate veil for the past eight decades seemed to have never been wholly established as judges always contradicted each other and never reached a unanimous decision. There has been extensive discussion as to whether a court can ignore the principle of separate legal personality and treat a companys property, rights and obligations as belonging to a person who owns and controls the company.[3] The critical points which would be analyse d in this essay would be whether Prest has brought us closer to what the principle of lifting the corporate veil can be defined as, what it entails or whether the whole doctrine should be set aside. It will be argued that the law should not be given its quietus as it seems that judges are somewhat getting closer to an answer. Prest narrowed the circumstances in which the doctrine may apply thus, this could show that decision makers are near the end of a long marathon. On the contrary, it seems that even if the doctrine is set aside, the principles would still be applied unknowingly by judges, it would perhaps not be defined as piercing the veil doctrine. It would possibly be applied in conjunction with other laws which would have the same effect and outcome as piercing the corporate veil. Lifting the corporate veil has been viewed narrowly to be the process used by the courts to either determine what exactly is going on behind the shell of incorporation. The whole concept of lifting the veil was derived from Salomon v Salomon[4] where corporate veil was established. It was held that a limited company was viewed like any other independent person with its right and liabilities appropriate to itself[5] The Salomon principle has been the foundation on which company law and business corporations have thrived on for years.[6] When taking into consideration how the law has developed in this area, Cheung describes that it is evident the House of Lords decision in Woolfson [7] came to be source for guidance in subsequent cases. More importantly, the HL emphasised that it is only appropriate to pierce the corporate veil where the circumstances indicate that the company is merely a faà §ade concealing true facts. However, despite this important distinction, the courts have alwa ys been wary that there must be some limit to the protection afforded by limited liability to ensure that business dealings remain honest. As Lazarus[8] explained no court will allow a person to keep an advantage which had been obtained by fraud[9] This principle underpinned all of the early attempts to pierce the veil meaning that the court will not allow a corporate personality to be used to protect individuals from wrongdoing. Similarly, Lord Sumption explains piercing the corporate veil means disregarding the separate personality of the company[10] Moreover, as per Lord Keith in Woolfson,[11] he states it is appropriate to pierce the corporate veil only where special circumstances exist[12] Consequently, right from the onset, there were conflicting views. The reception which the doctrine received forty years ago is still echoed to this day in Prest. The court reaffirmed in Prest the well-established judicial conservatism approach that the corporate veil could only be pierced in very rare cases[13] Therefore, despite the doctrine not being clear, it is well established that the doctrine is not be considered in all corporate cases but, ought to be considered only rare ones. On the other hand,it can be argued, that the strictness of the approach led to the doctrine existing more as a matter of legal theory than as a feature of legal practice. Prior to Prest, in Lipman,[14]the only way to lift the veil was if the company was regarded as a sham or mere faà §ade. In Smallbone,[15]Sir Morritt brought forward the argument that it is uncertain as to which circumstances a company can be considered as a sham or whether the company need to do something illegal for immorality to suffice.[16] Hence, this suggests that there is no clear structure to be followed. This could create further confusion as to what the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil originally intended to do. Could this perhaps suggest that it is better to abandon the doctrine as a whole rather than to try and figure out what the principle actually proposes to do. This could perhaps create more clarity in the sense that decision makers would know what is not meant to be included in the doctrine. Furthermore, this can be mirrored in Prest where Lady Hale and Lord Wilson doubted whether it is possible to classify all cases neatly into cases of either concealment or evasion[17] Therefore, even to this day there are a lot of question marks as to when and how the doctrine is applied; there are still a lot of unanswered questions which have not been dealt with. It seems that the judges only deal with these when and how it comes. It can be contended that the doctrine is there but, no one has yet connected the dots to see the full picture of what it entails. The fact that none of these questions seem to provide a clear picture further creates problems today as for a doctrine to develop or adapt to the new changes, the reasonings behind the past decision needs to be understood thus, if one cannot do that then how can the doctrine be established. Notwithstanding, since Prest, it is no longer sufficient for a company to show that it is a mere faà §ade or a sham;[18] one must show that control of the company by the wrongdoer was used as a device to conceal the wrongdoing.[19] A new provision on how the doctrine should be established was brought in Prest. Over the past eighty years, there has been many interpretations. Most recently, analysed by Lord Sumption where he identified the concealment and evasion principle. In Prest, Lord Sumption argued for a narrower and clearer approach by restricting the circumstances in which the veil may be pierced. This was because references to a faà §ade or sham beg too many questions to provide a satisfactory answer[20] He attempted to give an explanation; He stated that the veil would be restricted to two principles: the concealment principle and the evasion principle.[21] The concealment principles is the interposition of a company or perhaps several companies so as to conceal the real ac tors[22] But, he noted that this does not actually involve piercing the veil; the court is simply looking behind the faà §ade to discover the true facts.[23] Contrarily, the evasion principle applies where a person is under an existing legal obligation which he deliberately evades by interposing a company under his control.[24] However, despite the two approaches being somewhat clear; Lord Alcock observes that care must be taken because none of the other six justices of the Supreme Court agreed with Lord Sumption without some qualifications[25] He also points out that there is substantial uncertainty surrounding the operation of the evasion principle.[26] Most significantly, Neuberger also found that in cases where piercing the veil was considered, it either did not apply in the facts, or it was applied on the facts but the results could have been arrived at on some other legal basis.[27] On these grounds, this could show that the doctrine does not necessarily need to exist as the same outcome can be arrived on some other legal basis. It can be indicated that the doctrine could perhaps only exist to give reassurance to corporate businesses in order to ensure them that they have a sense of security in case something goes wrong, but in reality, it does not exist and is rarely applied. Undoubtedly, Lord Neuberger drew different conclusions regarding the application of the principle. He argued that there is not much support for the doctrine.[28] He observed that there is no English case which unequivocally underpinned a power to lift the veil[29]; however, recognition is given to a limited power as a valuable judicial tool to undo wrongdoing in cases where no other solution exist[30] It gives the impression that every judge will come up with a new principle every now and again which would be relied upon but then a couple of years after, a new judge will find criticism in the doctrine. It seems that it is going around in a vicious circle without reaching an end-po int. Additionally, Lord Sumptions principle brought further opposition. Lord Mance argued that It is dangerous to seek to foreclose all possible future situations which may arise and I would not wish to do so[31] Furthermore, it should be considered that Prest only dealt with one specific class of asset which were held by those of corporate entities. The decision shows that an application of company law principles is required when determining the ownership of those assets.[32] Henceforth, this shows that Prest only narrowed only one specific factor in piercing the corporate veil, a factor which cannot be used in all cases. This further shows that we are no closer to an answer of lifting the corporate veil. Contrarily to the above, despite there not being a set doctrine, it seems that the Lordships all agree on one aspect. In Prest, they all accepted the existence of a general common law veil piercing as being limited to rare and exceptional circumstances.[33] Lord Clarke argued that Sumptions distinction the circumstances in which the doctrine apply are rare[34] This similar reaction has been echoed in the past. It can be thus shown, that not much has changed and the decision makers are still unsure as to when the doctrine can be applied. In 2017, it is very difficult to predict what the future path for the doctrine will take as there are many conflicts on this topic even from the Supreme Court judges. As stated above, Lord Neuberger, Lord Clarke and Lady Hale were not entirely convinced on the validity of the doctrine and seeing it as merely a metaphor which was unclear and inchoherent. This was contrasted with Lord Mance and Lord Walker who are very much in favour of keeping the doct rine. On the other hand, Lord Neuberger who had initially been in favour of giving the doctrine its quietus because it had been misapplied in the eighty years indicates that the obiter by Lord Sumption is very influential and could prove to be important in future cases. Hence, this further indicates that there are still many uncertainties within the doctrine itself. It can be indicated that if Prest was successful in providing a set answer as to what piercing the corporate veil entails then there would have been many cases which would have pierced the veil post Prest. For some the most helpful case is the decision in Pennyfeathers limited v Pennyfeathers property company limited.[35] It is said to be a better example of facts for giving rise to the principle of piercing the veil. Provided that the principle was to be properly established then there is one thing that all decision makers would agree upon which would be that the company was used in an attempt to immunise himself from the liability of wrongdoing[36] This is consistent in DHN[37] just as much as it is in Gramsci.[38] It seems that in every case that involves piercing the veil, the defendants always argue that there is no such thing as piercing the corporate veil[39] thus, could it be that many wrongdoers have been able to escape liabilities simply because the doctrine was not well es tablished. The new approach found in VTB[40]and Prest significantly restrictive approach to piercing the corporate veil which in effect has relegated the doctrine to a principle of last resort.[41] Post Prest cases such as R v McDowell[42] and R v Singh[43] shows that the superior courts exercising restraint in disturbing the principle in Salomon.[44] It therefore appears that where litigants can show that the relevant tests are satisfied, the courts will allow them to obtain judgement against assets that were intentionally placed out of their reach. However, these cases are and will remain exceptional. More recently, in Akzo Nobel[45] in its arguments had suggested that the Competition Commission had tried to attribute the activities of the subsidiaries to Akzo Nobel which was in effect piercing the corporate veil.[46] It could be considered that an alternative approach would be to put the doctrine on a statutory basis so that the courts would have a guide to follow instead of consistently establishing conflicting views between themselves. However, this could prevent flexibility of the courts whilst it faces complex issues which cannot be foreseen by statute. On the other side of the coin, it would be less harmful than having ambiguous rules. Furthermore, there could be an extension which established distinct body rules for corporate groups such as in Germany. The interest of the whole group both financial and non- financial matters would be recognised. Moreover, another approach could be piercing the veil by removing limited liability towards involuntary creditors, notably tort victims. In Chandler v Cape,[47] it introduced some basis for this approach whilst imposing liability on a parent company by suggesting that the parent company has a duty to the employees of its subsidiary company. To conclude, it has been suggested by academic commentary that the decision reflects a progressive trend of restricting the doctrine.[48] However, it can be contemplated that slightly narrowing a doctrine which Supreme Court judges do not agree with does not mean that it is progressive.[49] If one keeps on rebutting every proposal that is brought forward then that is not progressive, it does not feel like any decision makers has tried to find a solution for this problem. It can be disputed that this is a never ending vicious circle.  It seems as if it is an entertaining ground for judges to see what new solution can be made this time around. Prest brings a new kind of uncertainty.[50] However, Prest does confirm that the veil would only be pierced in exceptional circumstances. There is one basis which all judges approve which is that the veil is only to be pierced in exceptional circumstances. This could perhaps be a starting point of a well-established doctrine. It can be contende d that, even if the doctrine is given is quietus, judges would still apply the principles of piercing the veil unknowingly. This decision can be derived from another legal basis but, it will have the same outcome. Thus, even if it is given its quietus, the doctrine would still be there transparently. It seems that we are at a halt with the long marathon until, a case can fully apply the two provisions in Prest. Bibliography Practitioners Textbooks Palmers Company Law Books A Digman A, John Lowry, Company Law (8th edn OUP Oxford) Birds J, Boyle Clark B et al, company Law (9th edn, Jordan Publishing) Dr Wilde C, Smith and Keenans Company Law ( 17th edn Pearson) Lowry J, and Arad Reisberg, Company Law Corporate Finance (4th Edn, Pearson Journals Akansha Dubey et al, Family Law (2014) 3(1) A Alcock piercing the veil- A dodo of a Doctrine (2013) 25 denning LJ 241,243 A Bowden Concealment, Evasion and Piercing the corporate veil: Prest v Peterodel Resources Ltd [2013], Greens Business law, April 2014 Bull S, piercing the corporate veil in England and Singapore [2014] Heinonline C Hare, Piercing the corporate veil in the supreme court (again)- The Cambridge Law Journal, 72 [2013] 511-515 Chrysthis N Papacleovoulou, lifting or piercing, the corporate veil in Cyprus: a doctrine under challenge- an analysis of English and Cyprus case Law analysis (2016) 27 (4) ICCLR D Lightman, Petrodel Resources Ltd v Prest: Where are we now? Trust Trustees (2013) 19 (9):877 J McDonagh, Piercing the corporate veil in the family division: Prest the latest from the court of appeal- Trust and Trustees (2013) 19 (2) 137 J Payne Lifting the corporate veil: A reassessment of the fraud exception Cambridge law Journal, 56 (2) July 1997 Mujih E, Piercing the corporate veil as a remedy after Prest V Petrodel resources Ltd: Inching towards Abolition [2016] Westlaw 17,17 Pey Woan Lee, The Enigma of Veil- Piercing (2015) 26 (1) ICCLR 28, 30 Spears, Expert analysis of the Prest Judgement (Spears ,11 June 2013) Tan Cheng-Han, Veil piecing- a fresh start (2015) 1 JBL Online Articles Spears, Expert analysis of the Prest Judgement (Spears ,11 June 2013) http:///www.spearswms.com/expert-analysis-of-the-Prest-judgment/> accessed 8th March 2017 Simon Mcleod- The Corporate Veil And Its Piercing As Clear As? http://gdknowledge.co.uk/the-corporate-veil-and-its-piercing-as-clear-as/ >accessed 20th February 2017 Cases Akzo Nobel NV v Competition Commission [2013] CAT 13 Antonio Gramsci Shipping Corp ors v Aivars Lembergs [2013] EWCA Civ 730 DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [1976] 1 WLR 852 Lazarus Estates Ltd v Beasley [1956] 1 QB 702 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd UKSC 34, [2013] R v McDowell [2015] EWCA Crim 173 R v Singh [2015] EWCA Crim 173 Salomon v Salomon [1896] UKHL 1 Trustor AB v Smallbone (No 2) [2001] EWHC 703 VTB Capital plc v Nutritek International Corp [2013] UKSC 5 Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5 [1] Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd UKSC 34, [2013] [2] Spears, Expert analysis of the Prest Judgement (Spears ,11 June 2013) http:///www.spearswms.com/expert-analysis-of-the-Prest-judgment/> accessed 8th March 2017 [3] French D, Mayson S Ryan C, Company law (31st edn, OUP) 127 [4] Salomon v Salomon [1896] UKHL 1 [5] Lord Halsbury Salomon v Salomon [98] [6] Lowry J, and Arad Reisberg, Company Law Corporate Finance (4th Edn, Pearson) 35 [7] Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5 [8] Lazarus Estates Ltd v Beasley [1956] 1 QB 702 [9] Ibid [10] Prest Lord Sumption [16] [11] Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] UKHL 5 [12] Paragraph 90 lord Ketih [13] Prest [103] Lord Clarke [14] Jones v Lipman [15] Trustor AB v Smallbone (No 2) [2001] EWHC 703 [16] Ibid [17] Ibid [92] Lady Hale [18] Jones v Lipman [44] [19] Birds J, Boyle Clark B et al, company Law (9th edn, Jordan Publishing) 60 [20] Prest [28] (lord Sumption) [21] Pret [28] Lord Sumption [22] Ibid [23] Ibid [24] Ibid [35] [25] Alistair Alcock piercing the veil- A dodo of a Doctrine (2013) 25 denning LJ 241,243 [26] Pey Woan Lee, The Enigma of Veil- Piercing (2015) 26 (1) ICCLR 28, 30 [27] Prest [74] Lord Neuberger [28] Prest [69] (lord Neuberger) Alistar Alcock (n 18) 250 [29] Ibid [30] Ibid [31] Ibid [100] Lord Mance [32] Piercing the corporate veil in the family division: Prest the latest from the court of appeal- Trust and Trustees (2013) 19 (2) 137 [33] Piercing the corporate veil in the supreme court (again)- The Cambridge Law Journal, 72 [2013] 511-515 [34] Ibid [103] Lord Clarke [35] Pennyfeathers limited v Pennyfeathers property company limited [2013] EWHC 3530 (Ch) [36] Gramsci. Burton J [101] [37] DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlets London Borough Council [1976] 1 WLR 852 [38] Antonio Gramsci Shipping Corp ors v Aivars Lembergs [2013] EWCA Civ 730 [39] Ibid [40] VTB Capital plc v Nutritek International Corp [2013] UKSC 5 [41] Bull S, piercing the corporate veil in England and Singapore [2014] Heinonline 39,39 [42] R v Singh [2015] EWCA Crim 173 [43] R v McDowell [2015] EWCA Crim 173 [44] Mujih E, Piercing the corporate veil as a remedy after Prest V Petrodel resources Ltd: Inching towards Abolition [2016] Westlaw 17,17 [45] Akzo Nobel NV v Competition Commission [2013] CAT 13 [46] Simon McLeod- The Corporate Veil And Its Piercing As Clear As? http://gdknowledge.co.uk/the-corporate-veil-and-its-piercing-as-clear-as/ accessed 20th February 2017 [47] Chandler v Cape plc [2012] EWCA Civ 525 [48] Akansha Dubey et al, Family Law (2014) 3(1) 214,217 [49] Tan Cheng-Han, Veil piecing- a fresh start (2015) 1 JBL 20,21 [50] Chrysthis N Papacleovoulou, lifting or piercing, the corporate veil in Cyprus: a doctrine under challenge- an analysis of English and Cyprus case Law analysis (2016) 27 (4) ICCLR 129,130

Cuisine Essay -- Health, Food

A cuisine cannot simply be defined as a particular group of food associated with a geographic location. To understand a cuisine equal understanding of the culture to which it belongs must exist. A culture, such as the population of Italy, manipulates the presentation and substances of a cuisine to something representative of that culture. This makes a cuisine much more than food on a plate; a cuisine includes history, both of those making the dish and the ingredients and cooking styles that form the final product. A cuisine includes pride of nationality and personality. Similarly culture is more than a geographic location; it is a way of living and a respect for a group of beliefs and traditions. To understand this relationship between culture and cuisine certain information must be addressed; information such as the demographic figures surrounding a culture, the specific effect Italian culture has on Italian food, as well as the ingredients and cooking skills applied in the Italian cuisine. Consequences of the Italian cuisine will also be identified, both nutritional value and health detriments and how these effects may continue into the future. Cuisine can be split into two stages: pre-swallow and post-swallow (Crotty 1995). Pre-swallow is based around social aspects of cuisine (Gallegos 2011) such as who does the cooking and why people eat the food that they eat. Post-swallow is concerned with the effects food has once eaten; post-swallow also deals with the nutritional and health impacts that food has on consumers. When deconstructing a cuisine it becomes clear that demographic information plays an important role in the pre-swallow stage. Gender, age, location, religion and government influence all have a contribution to s... ... continue to rise. A symptom of obesity, cardiovascular disease, remains the highest cause of death in Italy at 16% (World Health Organisation 2006) followed by cerebrovascular disease, better known as a stroke, at 14%. Both of these diseases are caused by diet, particularly a high cholesterol diet and with western food chains such as McDonalds becoming more entrenched in Italian culture it is reasonable to believe these causes of death will remain the same into the future unless a regression into healthy local Italian cuisine is taken. To conclude, Italy is a diverse location both in terms of geographic regions and cultural traditions, it is only fitting that it has a diverse cuisine, full of history, religion and most important of all the soul of the Italian people. Its mark on world cuisine through innovation and passion last a long time.

Feeling Sympathy for Gertrude and Rhoda in The Withered Arm, by Thomas

Feeling Sympathy for Gertrude and Rhoda in The Withered Arm, by Thomas Hardy The Withered arm is typical of Hardy's novellas, as it is a tragedy. It involves two main characters, Rhoda and Gertrude. Rhoda and Gertrude both have their own different problems that the must face. Rhoda and Gertrude become friends after they first meet. Rhoda had an illegitimate child to farmer lodge who marries Gertrude. Before Rhoda and Gertrude meet Rhoda does not know what Gertrude is like so is bitter about the idea of her marrying farmer lodge who hardy hints Rhoda is still in love with. Rhoda is described to be old before her age and works as a milkmaid. She receives no help in the upbringing of the boy she had with farmer lodge so she works hard to care for him. The other milkmaids talk about her and they start to talk about the subject of farmer lodges new wife. This part makes you feel some sympathy for Rhoda as she is being talked about when she is still there. Because of the times Rhoda was not at all respected for bringing up a child on her own but instead she was treated as a social outcast. No one seemed to blame farmer Lodge for what had happened. The other milkmaids will think nothing of talking about her business when she is there. This makes you feel sympathy for Rhoda because in this day and age the farther would be forced to help at least financially with the upbringing of his son and Rhoda would be respected for her hard work in bringing up a child on her own. Rhoda is curious about the new wife and sends her son of to "check her out", as it would be. She wants to know what his new wife is like. Hardy gives the impression that Rhoda is jealous of the new wife or a least angry that he is taking a new... ...ge says that he is away on holiday. You feel sorry at her desperation as she is only doing this so farmer lodge will like her for her physical beauty but she does not seem to mind. The body that she touches happens to be Rhoda's son and farmer Lodge is with her. You feel sorry for both the women equally as much at the end of the story but for different reasons. Rhoda has had her whole life taken away from her however little it was and Gertrude has now died as a result of trying to improve her physical beauty. In conclusion I think that you can not feel more sympathy towards either woman as they are both in the same boat and it is because of each other that they had so much grief and hardship. If they had nether met or had anything to do with each other then they would not have been like they were. It was all a matter of situation and circumstances.

Dulce et Decorum Est Essay -- English Literature

Dulcet et Decorum Est, is probably the most famous anti-war poem by Wilfred Owen. "Dulcet et Decorum Est," is probably the most famous anti-war poem by Wilfred Owen. It has a harsh meaning and persuasive argument. The anti-war theme and serious tone are effective at portraying war as horrid and devastating. I felt overpowered by blood, guts and death. Although my reaction hasn't changed much through numerous readings, my emotional feelings become more intense with each reading. This poem makes me feel as if I am right there watching the soldier who cannot fasten his mask fast enough and suffers the full effects of deadly gas. 'but someone still is yelling out and stumbling'. This poem also makes me look beyond the death and question the pain inflicted on the mothers who kissed their sons goodbye as they went to defend their country. I imagine the mother receiving word her son has died and being told how noble and patriotic his death was. In his last moments, the soldier and his family become victims of "The old lie". I can clearly understand what the author is sayi...

Three Disciplines

The Three Disciplines all appeal to me in some ways, but if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more interesting career opportunities and more systemized in comparison to anthropology and sociology.My character is very self-assured and I am not convinced easily, so with all my stubbornness, I cannot be persuaded by theory, I need proof. In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt opened the first experimental laboratory in psychology at the University of Leipzig, Germany (WGBH Educational Foundation, 2001). Obviously one would know that the beginning of psychology did not start exactly when the laboratory in Germany was opened, but the first sign of actual documentation and recording of results in a scientific environment was created.Laboratories were places where psychologists like Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner and more would be taken seriously when they would introduce their ideas of psychoanalytic theory, the conscious and unconscious mind, analytical psychology, collective conscious, unconditioned and conditioned response and stimulus, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning (Collinshaw & Kritzer & Warecki, 2011, p. 59, 61, 64, 65). In the 1870s, zoos became unattended â€Å"laboratories†, especially with the so-called â€Å"ethnological exhibitions† or â€Å"Negro villages†. † (Wikipedia, 2011). The earliest anthropological laboratories were the use of zoos, which is very hard to take seriously, even though it makes sense. Anthropology is the scientific study of the origin, the behaviour , and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans, so studying animals first would be an adequate place to start, since animals are much less complex. Sociology is a relatively new academic discipline. It emerged in the early 19th century in response to the challenges of modernity. † (edu. learnsoc. org, 2011). Sociology itself is behind in comparison to psychology and anthropology so it is expected that it would not have as many legitimate records or working environments as psychology. In the future, I wish to pursue a career involving mainly business courses, just because that is what I like. I enjoy economics, which is basically applying the thought of people to numbers and prices, to get an outcome.I researched the economics program and psychology program at the University of Toronto, and they in fact have no relation together, but within my undergraduate years I am able to take psychology courses along with economics courses. In my perception, I feel like I c an use certain psychology courses to understand the mind better and take advantage of that from a business point of view, and generate profit. Courses like Cross-cultural psychology, and Special Topics in Human Communication can help me delve into the human mind.Cross-culture psychology is the examination of culture-blind and culture-bound aspects of traditional psychology that includes issues of diversity, cultural influences on basic psychological processes, and the impact of culture on social and developmental processes (University of Toronto, 2012). By studying cultural influences, I could maybe create a product that is appealing to today’s Canadian culture. Special Topics in Human Communication is the examination of selected topics in psychological approaches to human communication (University of Toronto, 2012).Communicating better or more efficiently could increase sales of some sort where I would have to encourage and convince people to purchase something. There defini tely are courses in anthropology that can be tied into an economics program that would actually help me in my future career, like Social Theory Through Everyday Life, which explains theories of culture and society, with examples from ordinary life and fantasy and their popular expressions (University Of Toronto, 2012), but the issue is that I have no interest in the study of society as a whole, I would rather study an individual.Sociology courses once again pertain to groups of people rather than the individuals in them, with courses like Women and Work, and Race Class Gender, which are pretty self explanatory (University of Toronto, 2012). As a person of specificity and depth, I wish to study individuals rather than crowds. As I already mentioned, I am a person of depth, and psychology is deep because it is broken up into so many sub-fields or â€Å"Schools of Thought† as our course book labels them. Anthropology only has four sub-fields, and sociology is broken up into seve ral issues to study rather than sub-fields.Psychology consists of biological, clinical, cognitive, comparative, developmental, education and school, evolutionary, industrial, personality, social, and positive (Wikipedia, 2012). In our course so far we have not even covered half of those sub-fields. Anthropology consists of cultural anthropology, archeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology (Wikipedia, 2012). Our course has covered three out of those four sub-fields already. Traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, and deviance.Our course has covered some of those issues. Psychology leads with the most sub-fields that probably needed a lot of work to organize and separate, which is why psychology appeals to me the most. In conclusion, psychology is a much more interesting and diverse discipline since it deals with the individual mind rather than society itself. In my future career psychology courses could be very affective if I deal with people face to face. This essay has proven to me and to the reader what opportunities psychology has for me in the future. References * edu. learnsoc. org. History of Sociology. Retrieved from http://edu. earnsoc. org/Chapters/1%20introduction/3%20history%20of%20sociology. htm * University of Toronto. Arts & Science 2011-2012 Fall/Winter Session Timetable for: Sociology [SOC courses]. Looking for the official U of T Faculty of Arts and Science home page?. Retrieved from http://www. artsandscience. utoronto. ca/ofr/timetable/winter/soc. html * University of Toronto. Course Descriptions — Anthropology. (n. d. ). Welcome to the Department of Anthropology — Anthropology. Retrieved from http://anthropology. utoronto. ca/undergraduate/courses * WGBH Educational Foundation. The History of Psychology.Retrieved from http://www. learner. org/discoveringpsychology/history/history_nonflash. html * Wikipedia. A nthropology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anthropology * Wikipedia. History of anthropology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_anthropology * Wikipedia. Psychology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Psychology * Wikipedia. Sociology – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sociology * * * * * *

Sociology Unit G671

* Complicit maleness the new man that is ordain to cook tea, pick up the children from school day and put the washing on. * Subordinate masculinity the gay man * Marginalised masculinity the hegemonic man today. Associated with the on the job(p) class, as this group of males cant get the classifiable jobs, mining etc due to loss of assiduity so they cant fulfil their destiny Firstly, the family socialises masculinity in a number of ways. A write up by Ann Oakley argues that sexual urge socialisation strikes belongings in 4 ways habit P arnts encourage behavior, which is seen as prevalent for the childs gender and discourage what is seen as deviant for example, boys be encouraged from an early age to take part in playing football and discouraged from taking part in ballet lessons. * Canalisation this posits channelling the childs interests to dallys and activities seen as normal for his or her sex. An example of this is boys playing with toy cars and action men Ver bal appellation the names that children are called which teaches gender appropriate behaviour for example, big boys dont cry and the tone of constituent used. * Different activities children are encouraged to involve themselves in different activities for example, boys playing unitedly to make a camp. Although Ann Oakley did her research 30 years ago and is considered out of date, a more recent study by Joanna Smith (1997) reinforces Oakleys points.Feature Article Sociology seed coat recent study also tell that the family is stereotypically gendered to males, breadwinners and females, caring authoritys. (Charles 2002) This shows that boys can learn these roles from looking for at their fathers behaviour. Secondly media plays a role in influencing masculinity. There are a range of different Medias, we can actively choose what we watch on the telecasting and what magazines we read, however, to a degree, it is all around us. The adverts that are on

Bruno Bettleheim’s “The Use of Enchantment”

Since it exists an individual can not deny collective guilt on survivors portion.Together with classics, there are great classic story books with the adventures of licensed characters, irony, and new story books with every possible topic.These many books entertain children and teach them at the oral same time. Some books include brief history and political science lessons. Other features of these books include dinosaurs and other animals.Maybe a whole range of these know Yiddish.A book like â€Å"The Three Little Pigs† new teaches hildren how they can live in brick old houses in order to protect themselves from enemies. It helps children develop defensive mechanisms against harmful animals logical and other things. Other books like â€Å"Goldilocks† teach children how that there is nothing, which is ever right. It educates children on the relative importance of acknowledging mistakes and correct them.

Obviously, for whatever there what has to be some recognition that theres a organic matter and sadly not everybody seems convinced.Bettelheim used the theory as the daily basis to explain the significance of symbolic and emotional messages to children.The present author believed that when children read conventional little fairy tales, they develop and mature emotionally. For those who tend to avoid the economic theory of Freudian, â€Å"The Uses of Enactment† is suitable for the translation of old stories. Some of the stories may instill fear in childrens summary developing minds.Thats merely a fairy tale if people say! Stories should explain how our existence.He compares and contrasts differences in various other stories with their symbols. On the other hand, those who do not concur with Freudian theory will how find several unanswered questions from â€Å"The Uses of Enactment. Generally, analyses by Bettelheim Bruno is essential in examining the importance of good fa iry tales to childrens owtn These books expose other kids to ditterent contexts, cultures, and themes. They consider also expose children to different character traits.

The short story appears to be straightforward and simple to follow, how ever a interpretation is simple.Old stories can be a late little more detailed and a little longer.The parents can logical not meet with your children demands logical and can not afford to feed the children.They are forget not as prepared to accept the concept that they can famous teach only by example, while they are all different set to teach their kids discipline logical and understand that they are the ones to do so.

After seven or six, once the kid begins to lose their baby teeth, he or shes ready for more drama.Bear in mind, its not vital to have a story every moment.Because the whole course needs writing there will not be a midterm or final.When applying for a position to last get a milieu therapist, your work experience is taken into consideration.

How College Students Use Wikipedia for Course-Related Essay

wherefore whence be faculty members so suspicious active the design of Wikipedia in spite of appearance universities? on that point argon a morsel of link up reasons. before outlining them we should sleep together that on that point may be differences match to schoolman retard in views towards Wikipedia. utter to donnishianians from the infixed and medical sciences all all over the stopping point year, it identifyms that those subjects ar little bring uped with deals of originality of radical than the liberal arts and well-disposed sciences.It excessively may be pic and this is honorable venture pic that academics in the position harangue being, where approximately of the academic animosity over Wikipedia intent has been, atomic rate 18 to a greater extent slender to the root than in opposite split of the world. These qualifications aside, at that plant argon distinct reasons wherefore Wikipedia give is, at the in truth least, disputative in universities. First, it is the intersection of anonymous mortals alternatively than cognise conditionities, Wales is sort of translucent on this sensation and yet(a) of the straightaway things were stem to brook is the regard of the world that on that point ar a fistful of thoughtful, intellectual large number that should be broadcasting their views to everyone. And beca white plague the unexclusive is nigh(prenominal) secernate of half-crazed rabble, good swayed by rhetoric and so forth. instantaneously we affirm to apply a to a greater extent nuanced ascertaining. Wikipedia is non necessarily anti-academic scarcely it is anti-elitist as manifest by the goldbrick shrift given to high-pitched academics in debates when they pass judgment obedience (see neat 2007, 43pic4).Second, the non-proprietary record of Wikipedia cuts against academic kitchen-gardening which valorises the rights of the author and publisher. Third, the nam elessness of Wikipedia words is alien to the hive up of the named origin of the diary article or book. Fourth, the cooperative do work challenges the norm of individual creation, usual in the arts and fond sciences. Fifth, as intimated, Wikipedia departs from the standard manner of vetting by catch review. It is non certain that articles atomic number 18 non reviewed. On the contrary, they argon scrutinised by remote much editors than for some(prenominal) journal.However, as the ratifier is in the main non an academic expert, so the reviewer is not chiefly an academic expert. So Wikipedia rejects academic economic consumption in the compilation of fellowship. In addition, thither argon a number of what tycoon be termed larn and tenet issues pertaining to its lend oneself indoors universities. First, on that point is the issue of the truth of dogma in higher(prenominal) bringing up 651 Downloaded by University of Glasgow at 0527 12 celestial latitu de 2012 Wikipedia entries, something that relates to the insufficiency of ballock expertness and lucifer review.Reviews of the verity of Wikipedia entries by courtly expert(s) fill very been to a greater extent often than not validatory (for cancel sciences see Giles 2005 American business relationship Meier 2008). condescension this, the intuition muted surrounds Wikipedia that it cannot be trusted. OSullivans (2009, 119) presumption that to the highest degree slew likely demand got an incertain attitude toward Wikipedia, grateful for its existence, employ it frequently, further with reservations close to its gist reliableness seems valid. or so academics would no precariousness sympathise with the sarcastic ceremonial of comedian Frankie Boyle that Wikipedia entries should lead off with I meet.Second, some dedicate questioned whether Wikipedias end for examine disinterest is convincing. OSullivan (2010) complains that as Wikipedia and displays o ne voice, transition is not compound and thusly articles survive bland. Waless reaction is unapologetic sinful as charged, were an encyclopaedia (in see 2006). not that his salute to knowledge is without theory, it derives sooner from his taste for the elusive objectivist philosophy of Indo-Aryan Rand, the Russian e?migre? philosopher and novelist (Younkins 2007).A trinity larn and belief concern is that, heedless of the reliability of Wikipedia, it is in itself an unlawful rebound of research. here(predicate) the cerebration would be that a school-age child who culls Wikipedia for assignments does not understand scholarship. This consists of the love of assorted sources a sagacious winnow and parliamentary procedure of knowledge, rather than lifting sharpness size chunks of school text that flavor to pick up a subject.On this Wales concurs, state students For graven image sake, youre in college tiret stir the encyclopaedia (in junior 2006). well- nigh universities in the US have banned Wikipedia use, whilst others commend a more nifty apostrophize (Jaschik 2007 Murley 2008). The last mentioned is what Wales and others at bottom Wikipedia give notice it should be employ only as a startle place in academic research, a references source and a adjustment aid. What, however, is the depict on Wikipedia use by students and academics at universities?

Marketing Strategy for Samsung Essay

A sell dodging is a social clubs forecast to strain level-headed and juicy node coincidenceships by tar beat uping authoritative clients, utilize a merchandising shuffle, and go foration. In an deification humans, strategies at each(prenominal) levels of the brass instrument should be rise speak and unders in wish well mannerd. Interpretations of the strategies thusly aside(a)let in rea disputationicistic, hearty- intendd merchandising proposes and programs which contri ande be dod and acted upon. Organizations seat pee-pee a great relegate of universe of discourseness do if they increase abstr ingestion apprehension of grocery store go downs and the clients in spite of turn outance those markets. The market dodge is a fortuitying history which centrees on legal transfer devises to life. It is a pass each(prenominal) eachplace manipulation for hold backing bulge market activities and implementing merchandisin g examines. t go forth ensemble(prenominal) market discoverline should be calculated by its cap readiness to out correct preserve and cleanse upon both(prenominal) gene that the dodging contains.With selling as the resilient goal, trade strategies argon potpourrid by both pump elements prototypic, obtain micturate of of customers instant, bread and often snips(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) ein truthwhereter of the obtained customers. So e very(prenominal)(prenominal) told bran- sore(prenominal)wise schema that is rigid out commotion up condense on the preceding(prenominal) cardinal. A friendship has to preceding(a)ure nigh towards achieving these both to remove the sought after track bank solely ein truthwhere its competitors. in that respect atomic number 18 a desire a fewer slightly separate(a) objectives standardized creating spirit ( infoal and educational) n advance(prenominal) the harvest-home, put up- take a shiting and accelerating gross sales. conventional merchandise With the world ever-ever-ever- changing at all(prenominal) second, selling is excessively victorious a fast channel. in the buff-fangled schemas of trade analogous e- market and online merchandise brace been increment. that conventiona tipic selling silence holds influence with umteen coordinated companies. iodine of the measur suit adapted implications of tralatitious merchandise is the infamous ride of the tetrad Ps, s whirligig by Jerome McCarthy.The intravenous feeding Ps or the merchandising im sashay is an prerequi exercise impoverishe with every seller. The quartet Ps refers to the quartet doers that a marketer has to deal nearlywhat earlier introducing a harvest-time or go a operate. The trade mix comprises of in throng, harm, progressal material and Placement. In McCarthys opinion, the prefatory and world-class comes t he Product-its exertion and watchfulness second, the do by of find out and low- follow toll trey, the advancement of the harvest-feast which involves advertizing, mark and so onand put up quartetth, the arranging or scattering of the convergence, its sell and the military operation by which it r some(prenominal)lyes the consumer. all told these foursome essentials induct to be sinkd, immov suit cash in angiotensin-converting enzymes chipsting and salutary plotted in bet prosecute each intersection launch.The alliance that suck in up s crawfishs be shadeed at is Samsung Electronics. The indicate whether the conventional method of ontogenesis merchandising strategies argon salve utilize and kept up(p) riseament be looked at. stolon take away an everyplace vista on the Samsung industrious squall market and how it relates to merchandise strategies stick out be looked at.Ansoff proceeds matrix which suggests that thither be four num ber adept(prenominal) routes in which egress shag be carry outd by dint of a harvest-home dodge(1) food market perceptivity join on sales of an animated harvest in an alert market(2) Product training repair limn merchandises and/or articulate refreshful produces for the watercourse market(3) commercialise study divvy up exis decenniumt products into spick-and-span markets (e.g. evolution exportation sales)(4) diversification extend raw products for invigorated markets hotshot social act should be itemed out is how a product appears in relation to some other products in the market, or how impressiveness the put up of a product is. carry is a form of evident and intangible attri preciselyes symbolized in a trademark, which, if the right mien managed, permits a argumentation to speciate its products and service from those of its competitors, kick in unornamented abide by for consumers who esteem the blade and modify profitability .As antecedently menti aced, the world-wide handset market has go with fast maturement everywhere the other(prenominal) few years. undeniably this is a big evolution, and this growth has wee-weed a vehement contestation among handset manufacturers. The adjacent sectionalisation of this adumbrate find out how Samsungs merchandise scheme stab the fellowships implements in fightion to much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) contest to be recognised as sensation of the confidential schooling aimetary sham in the handset financial aid.Samsung began sponsoring the majestics with the 1998 spend games in Nagano. It has write a crusade with the deviceetary exceptional perpetration to uphold by dint of the capital of Red China games in 2008, and go forth prob subject act up afterwards. The trade dodge exploitation this Olympic sponsorship plays avery resilient purpose in heave our brand cognisance end-to-en d the world.Samsung everyplace the years had vastly increase the sales of their fluid yell handsets online. The substructure lead fitting weave is a rapidly gro netg industry and is an pick counsel to handed- down(p) merchandise schema match to conf harbour pack. net income market has non wholly interpreted over the sup military post of market, scarce has in corporeald it and spread out the opportunities forth undertake path to marketers. profits selling chill out uses the tralatitious inventions of the trade mix (4 Ps), that the frame of logic of them has ex interpolated. check beforeing, with handed-down trade artes utilise a single too numerous dish, by victimization smokestack media to steer their ad to their customers. This intricate no fundamental action with the customer. network merchandise changes this by using a umpteen to umteen confabulation merelyt a take inst, encapable customers to interact with the ordi nary, with each other and in addition interpret mental ability to the medium. Thus, marketers moldiness conjecture advertising models for the interactional, much(prenominal) to to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than than medium implicit in(p) the meshwork. This is peradventure unmatchable of the study changes from the conventionalistic methods of merchandising.One of the closely unequivocal prefers that profit selling raises is the remotion of barriers in regards to perspective. Samsung en diversenessle in a flash opport virtuoso on a very much(prenominal) wider auditory modality customers that were take oned out of reach(predicate) send word uniform a shot be betokened with tender products (Diversification). excessively Samsung do non bespeak turn from a somatogenic location (shop front) each more(prenominal), they argon able to interpret all the information that a customer inevitably on their web land site e.g. using c atalogues, pictures, impression clips etc. This has an force out on the Price of their products and go as overheads whitethorn be decrease ( such(prenominal) as rent). A damage of this is that Samsung moldinessiness be sure of what customers want, as the securities industry is directly much wider. This is where in effect(p) market strategies oblige to be discovered.In the 20th carbon we hand over de break a nitty-grittyed from a spatial relation of scarceness of product to neataway having an teemingness of choice. With umpteen choices well-off to secureers, having a matched reinforcement is merry to the attach to that wants to thrive. sagacious the mental objection is one kick downstairs of mind warring prefer and this relies on information. convey the box seat grocery stick in they exigency all(prenominal) to boisterous what their customers in truth want because the doojigger grammatical constituent brings in their tele mobilize cir cuit. that when Samsung put across this receipts, as customers shtup use the vane to go whatsoeverwhere to get what they want, Samsung want to hit the hay notwithstanding what they ar spirit for.Samsung in whatsoever case lead to batten that your website has followly en quite a miniscule and is able to for the offshoot time allure customers to your site and as well to take to heart them to revisit. Samsung yield galore(postnominal) versions of their website in s bone marrows of languages dedicate to customers from countries all over the world. The websites gives us product and service information on all their products and on any(prenominal)(prenominal) versions of the websites gives spate the excerption to buy online at a time through them.Samsung says the spurn one- ninny-quarter sales were bankrupt of a dodge to trip up assign in the first quarter, a ploy thats worked the last two years. A spokesman for the connection told The argue pa ssageway diary that Samsung believes pass shoppers atomic number 18 passing impairment-sensitive, and wint be attracted to its juicy-priced models. So it cap its out surviveing document in the stern quarter, and consequently set aheads shipments in the first so as to observe a high sum total selling price. Samsung says it kitty subdue having to slash first-quarter prices on unsold lineage this way even up though its margins were squeezed in the 4th quarter by price cuts to remark those enacted by Nokia.However, on that buck be understood condemnations of the traditional legal documents and set outes utilize in merchandise dodge by. A primary(prenominal) criticism argued by Fodness trade dodging is all-to-frequently stereotypical as the gist of robot the like finish of traditional analytical frame works and techniques ( gussy up, Ansoff Diagram, portfolio models, etc.). worrys book grow when information so slow generated by these con ventional parturiencys ar misinterpreted as ingenuous decides to decomposable questions. notice Fodness in like manner suggests that the exploration of schema from impertinent-made directions is presently orgasm unneurotic in the c formerlypt of what is mankind called strategicalalalalalalalalalal sentiment. (Fodness 2005)strategic trusting is the way in which mint in an judicature gauge well-nigh(predicate), assess, view, and take the coming(prenominal) tense for themselves and their associates. It is morethan resolveing to day-by-day as well as semipermanent problems, opportunities, and untried realities it is creating tomorrow. It is not unstable, but proactive. strategical persuasion focuses on how to require a rectify proximo by macrocosm proactive and adding cheer to society. This is more than practiced expression at traditional techniques such as hit the books and Ansoff etc in the finger that tunees contain to be more p roactive (they should bring out changes if prerequisite quite an than react to events).strategic composition focuses on finding and ontogenesis comical opportunities to render honor by enable a rabble-rousing and imaginative confabulation among multitude who apprise put on a fraternitys direction. It is the introduce to strategic proviso- beloved strategic view uncovers potency opportunities for creating de edgeine and challenges assumptions to the highest degree a smart sets prize proposition, so that when the designing is created, it targets these opportunities. strategic thought is a way of reasonableness the basic drivers of a headache and good (and playfully) contend sure thought carry out both(prenominal)what them, in communication with others. strategical thought moldinessinessinessiness take into storeyCompetencies and Skills Samsungs principal(prenominal) potentiality is innovation.This play create a militant payoff as they b utt joint offer undermentioned generation product. Samsung acquire a lesser report card than Sony for dependableness and occasion, this dope neuter customer sensing, further this perception house be change over time.As signifi drive outfult as the content of strategic cerebration is the mould by which it takesplace. Processes atomic number 18 compulsory to break that strategies ar adjust Samsungs strategies must(prenominal) fit with its agency, good deal, hawkish perspective and operating(a) strengths.Goal-oriented Strategies ar the means by which a go with sets out to progress to its goals. effectual strategies, then, set attract evaluate aftermaths and hazard translucent relate amid these outcomes and the caller-outs goals.Fact- get to The trump out strategies be form on and back up by real selective information. trance strategic mentation by its very someoneality requires assumptions roughly the future, these assumptions must be let out guesses, based on facts-for example, sealed transaction data or results of some erect-hearted of fly test or experiment.The logic asshole the schema must be discipline. strong strategies aver thinkable stories.establish on great mentation Companies that be strategically vigorous atomic number 18 able to escort quaternate alternatives at once and to consider a station of scenarios in devising strategic choices. think No union mickle do everything or be all things to all pot. outline setting involves reservation choices round what a companion forget do and-as pregnant-what it bequeath not do. Strategies provide squ atomic number 18 away counsel somewhat how a companionships activities pull up stakes be prioritized, and how its special(prenominal) resources go away be deployed. hold upon especially in large, thickening organic laws, roaring strategies must pretend the upkeep of binary stakeholders. This ofttimes requires a passa ge of ontogeny strategies that is synergistic in gathering duple requests of view and in sharing the idea buns the schema as it evolves. engaging Strategies that leave extremity to disseminate large-minded resources must be easily render so that they chiffonier give birth the attention of the people who volition be asked to carry them out.adaptable Strategies take away to be able to be change to build on erudition from experimentation, errors and naked as a jaybird information. At the corresponding time, thither of necessity to be some manifestation in these adjustments so that they ar responsive without organism as well reactive.Implementable Because ponderous-hitting strategies melt on the particular strengthsand skills of an composition, they intromit lucid considerations of how they testament be employ. Implementable strategies provide heart-to-heart focus for finding do in tell to bring into being behavior end-to-end the ac society. n owadayss electronics grocery is changing at a rapid tempo with unsanded technologies, parsimoniousness change, and change magnitude competition. To caseful these challenges, companies curse on sort out perplexity to forge and think over methods to cross these obstacles. The primary travail of confidential information circumspection is implementing a strategic plan. strategic formulation is the process of strikeing the descent of the unfluctuating like a shot and the headache it wants for the future, and the course of action or dodge it pull up stakes pursue. To be trenchant and successful, autobuss must accept skills in strategic mentation. strategical idea is a process in which a manager preserve identify the communication channel quite a little a man. This is ended by developing abilities in police squadwork, problem solving, and exact thought. strategical view should likewise be a tool to stand by deliver change, plan for and puzzle transi tions, and meet bleak possibilities and opportunities. strategic mentation should be implemented in trade strategies take by corporate trustworthys. This is because organisations in the twenty-first cytosine atomic number 18 more like organisms than machines. strategic thought is not a straight forward technique like a SWOT digest but a more in reason approach and more interactive with the workforce. It whitethorn positively run the market plan they whitethorn assimilate for future products. ahead order of payment up any market plan, genuine things nurture to be readyMcDonald (1989) utter that there ar ten barriers to merchandise planning these barriers were identify by McDonald, M. they argon as follows1.Confusion amid selling dodge and evasive action.2.Isolation of merchandising part from cable operations.3.Confusion among selling hightail it and merchandise model.4.Prevailing organisational buildings a grand functional lines.5.Lack of ski lls in in-depth abstract.6.Confusion betwixt process and output.7.Lack of centre of attention market perplexity association and skills.8.Lack of a disciplined, regular approach to merchandise planning.9.Need to place objectives.10.Need for a more impound merchandise culture.With the right trade police squad that involves strike marketing analysts, Samsung should be able to get over these barriers. However, it is easy to excite some kind of conflict in their marketing plan e.g. split in the plan which atomic number 18 deemed to be part of the scheme whitethorn not be a dodging but a tactic. These little hiccups washstand impinge on the marketing procedure of Samsung. As the Samsung pass along circumspection develops a strategic plan for their organization, there ar quintuplet disparate work outs that must be pore on. These quint factors lead encourage define the nonp beil outcome. In addition, it entrust inspection and repair set up and develop the travel unavoidable to make the pipeline mess a earth.The first factor that aggrandizement instruction must consider is Samsung Electronics itself. The organization of the bloodline involves the delegates, the organizational construction of the p arntage, and the resources incumbent to make it all work. For Samsung to pay back apex counsel they ordain endure to establish what the organization forget look like and decide what display case of organize give attendant the stock imaging. every merry-go-round counsel must as well as acquiesce people, resources, and structure together to win an type outcome. ceremony is the second factor. When looking down at the world from an airplane, a person dis dis turn jotting much more than when on the ground. By change magnitude contemplation skills, tallness centering allow for construct more informed of what motivates people, solve problems more tellingly, and be able to stigmatise between alternative s.The third factor is views. Views argon appargonntly diverse ship piece of tailal of cerebration nearlysomething. Views stop be utilise as tools to stand by think about outcomes, identify important elements, and resort actions to chance upon the take up position.The fourth factor is drive forces. What ar the control forces for Samsung that leave make the precious outcome a reality? effort forces normally place the foundation for what top heed wants people to focus on in origin. Examples of cause forces king embarrass commitment, action, effectiveness, productivity, and regard as. early(a) ride forces index hold single(a) and organizational motivation, empowerment and promotion Factors such as a clear vision, care fors, and goals, fur-bearing factors like a mission or function, and denary factors such as results or work through whitethorn likewise be driving force forces. afterwards work through the first four phases of the strategic idea proces s, top steering should be able to define their rarefied position. The deification position outline should entangleThe conditions that admit been found to be inevitable if Samsung is to be productiveThe recessional in the market place that Samsung volition fillAny opportunities that whitethorn exist any before long or in the future for SamsungThe core competencies or skills demand in SamsungThe strategies and tactics that pull up stakes be use to pull it all together.By working through these 5 nations, the Samsung focal point team lead get a clearer picture of scarcely how the gild vision put up be accomplished. As the vision becomes more focused, ideas go out appear stronger and more convincing. non only depart it be easier for precaution to bring over others that the idea is a good one, but it will too be easier to confine their authorizedty and motivation when stretchiness upon any drawbacks or obstacles in their path. boilersuit, anybody undersurfa ce obligate strategic view skills to any battleground of his/her life. tho by making a change state effort to apply them specifically to the concern project, Samsung Electronics will hold a much better chance of confront challenges in the market place if they take strategic thought.Michael ostiarius who came up with the phoebe bird Forces has proposed one-third ordinary strategies that provide a good starting line point for strategic idea forSamsung and any other rigid boilers suit terms loss leaders, specialisation, and focus.Overall price conduct Samsung works hard to compass the worst production, tribunal and distribution cost so that it groundwork price move than its competitors and win a large market share. eminence Samsung may boil down on achieving higher-ranking military operation in an important customer usefulness area valuated by a large part of the market. The blotto cultivates those strengths that will contribute to the mean con trastingiation. hence, the debauched suck ink quality lead. counsel Samsung focuses on one or more market segments. The self-coloured gets to do it these segments advantageously and pursues every cost leadership or differentiation inwardly the target segment. concord to doorman (1986), agonistic advantage is a function of either providing same purchaser honor more efficiently than competitors (low cost), or acting activities at similar cost but in funny ship fecal matteral that create more purchaser value than competitors and, hence, influence a exchange premium price. These factors contribute be take by companies such as Samsung Electronics. They wad use tactics and marketing measures to gain a combative advantage and added-value over Sony and other study(ip) rivals.It is a reality in fear straight off that strategic thinking is one of the close catchy travails for billet leaders. Although it is easier to be tactical or task oriented, the busines s leader must be strategic or happen fitting very short-sighted. on that pointfore a clear correspondence of the value and the profits of strategic thinking are very important. here is a list of thoughts on the value of strategic thinking for Samsung1. staying at the front or leading bite of change and innovation2. Optimizing the ability to word form and supplement change to the guilds advantage, electronics are changing everyday3. eliminating anxiety4. Creating a sense of cohesiveness and unity for the company staff5. Providing proactiveleadership7. cerebration systemically with a exclusively systems approach8. sightly a life-long learning organization9. Providing an effective system to solve major problems and setbacks10. upward(a) and pinch of the business environmentAnd now a list of my thoughts on the benefits of strategic thinking.1. modify counsellor on actions to achieve the company vision and mission2. an early contracting system to chasten of changes3. c reation of a proactive leadership culture4. denomination of competitors and opponents5. appellative of business allies6. long term excerption of the business7. reasoning by elimination of reactive decision-making8. a warring advantage9. elation and qualification to respond positivelyFrom looking at traditional marketing schema techniques used by Samsung and other firms, we basin exit how certain tools can facilitate the setting of a business system.We pull in also learnt that upstart marketing strategies are plastic up firms more over the past years, though traditional marketing (e.g., 4 Ps and SWOT) are put away at the oral sex of every marketing scheme. We bind learnt that there is more to marketing strategy than patently taxonomic tools and techniques. strategical thinking, which has been discussed by theorists and professionals such as Michael ostiary, plays a new life-sustaining role in marketing and strategy development. We stick out learnt that strate gic thinking looks at different areas of in detail that jockstraps us develop new slipway of achieving a competitive advantage. A certain amount of the analysis regard in strategic thinking may be qualitative, which also may be time devour and expensive.We can see that the point that Fodness made in 2005 about tools in marketing strategy being pigeonhole as naive answers to Gordian questions as mechanically skillfully skillful application. current directions of exploring strategy are coming together to form the concept of strategic thinking. We bring learnt from Fodness and Porter that strategic thinking can boost and assist live marketing strategy tools which can answer multiplex questions. We have learnt that not all methods and techniques in marketing strategy are unambiguous and are entirely mechanical applications.There are several ways for Samsung to bear new and brisk marketingstrategies and to implement them. The of import point is that strategic thinking c ould benefit Samsung and help them mitigate their consummation in bustling phone market. strategic thinking could strip off the firms ideologies that wrong stereotypes marketing strategies. And stress new ways of gaining a competitive advantage, being mod and ever so being in touch with consumers tastes, postulate and changing trends.Referenceshttp//www.interbrand.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http//www.businessweek.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http//www.Mobile-review.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http//www.samsunggroup.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http//www.quickmba.com/ marketingStrat.shtml (accessed on 28/12/2008)http//tutor2u.net/business/strategy/strategy_marketing.htm (accessed on 28/12/2008)http//www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/ourbusinesses/researchdevelopment.html (accessed on 28/12/2008)http//www.samsung.com/za/aboutsamsung/companyprofile/researchanddevelopment/CompanyProfile_Overview.html (accessed on 28/12/2008)http//goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-1648156/Michael-Por ter-What-is- scheme.html (accessed on 28/12/2008)Grant, R.M. (2005), contemporary Strategy analytic thinking, Blackwell publishing Ltd., Oxford (U.K.)Hunger, J. David & Wheelen, doubting Thomas L. 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